Citalopram description, usages, side effects, indications, overdosage, supplying and lots more!

Menu
Search

Citalopram

Aurolife Pharma LLC


FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*




FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

Suicidality and Antidepressant Drugs



Antidepressants increased the risk compared to placebo of suicidal thinking and behavior (suicidality) in children, adolescents, and young adults in short-term studies of major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. Anyone considering the use of citalopram or any other antidepressant in a child, adolescent, or young adult must balance this risk with the clinical need. Short-term studies did not show an increase in the risk of suicidality with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults beyond age 24; there was a reduction in risk with antidepressants compared to placebo in adults aged 65 and older. Depression and certain other psychiatric disorders are themselves associated with increases in the risk of suicide. Patients of all ages who are started on antidepressant therapy should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, or unusual changes in behavior. Families and caregivers should be advised of the need for close observation and communication with the prescriber. Citalopram is not approved for use in pediatric patients. (See WARNINGS: Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk, PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients, and PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use.)

CITALOPRAM DESCRIPTION




Citalopram
20222

Citalopram hydrobromide USP occurs as a fine, white to off-white powder. Citalopram hydrobromide is sparingly soluble in water and soluble in ethanol.




CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacodynamics



The mechanism of action of citalopram hydrobromide as an antidepressant is presumed to be linked to potentiation of serotonergic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from its inhibition of CNS neuronal reuptake of serotonin (5-HT). In  vitro  and  in  vivo  studies  in  animals suggest  that  citalopram  is  a highly  selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with minimal effects on norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) neuronal reuptake.  Tolerance to the inhibition of 5-HT uptake is not induced by long-term (14-day) treatment of rats with citalopram. Citalopram is a racemic mixture (50/50), and the inhibition of 5-HT reuptake by citalopram is primarily due to the (S)-enantiomer.

Citalopram has no or very low affinity for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, dopamine D1 and D2, α1-, α2-, and β-adrenergic, histamine H1, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), muscarinic cholinergic, and benzodiazepine receptors.  Antagonism of muscarinic, histaminergic, and adrenergic receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects of other psychotropic drugs.

Pharmacokinetics


The single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of citalopram are linear and dose-proportional in a dose range of 10 to 60 mg/day. Biotransformation of citalopram is mainly hepatic, with a mean terminal half-life of about 35 hours. With once daily dosing, steady state plasma concentrations are achieved within approximately one week. At steady state, the extent of accumulation of citalopram in plasma, based on the half-life, is expected to be 2.5 times the plasma concentrations observed after a single dose. The tablet and oral solution dosage forms of citalopram hydrobromide are bioequivalent.

Absorption and Distribution

Following a single oral dose (40 mg tablet) of citalopram, peak blood levels occur at about 4 hours. The absolute bioavailability of citalopram was about 80% relative to an intravenous dose, and absorption is not affected by food.  The volume of distribution of citalopram is about 12 L/kg and the binding of citalopram (CT), demethylcitalopram (DCT) and didemethylcitalopram (DDCT) to human plasma proteins is about 80%.

Metabolism and Elimination

Following intravenous administrations of citalopram, the fraction of drug recovered in the urine as citalopram and DCT was about 10% and 5%, respectively. The systemic clearance of citalopram was 330 mL/min, with approximately 20% of that due to renal clearance.

Citalopram is metabolized to demethylcitalopram (DCT), didemethylcitalopram (DDCT), citalopram-N-oxide, and a deaminated propionic acid derivative. In humans, unchanged citalopram is the predominant compound in plasma. At steady state, the concentrations of citalopram’s metabolites, DCT and DDCT, in plasma are approximately one-half and one-tenth, respectively, that of the parent drug. In vitro studies show that citalopram is at least 8 times more potent than its metabolites in the inhibition of serotonin reuptake, suggesting that the metabolites evaluated do not likely contribute significantly to the antidepressant actions of citalopram. 

In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicated that CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are the primary isozymes involved in the N-demethylation of citalopram.

Population Subgroups

Age - Citalopram pharmacokinetics in subjects ≥ 60 years of age were compared to younger subjects in two normal volunteer studies.  In a single-dose study, citalopram AUC and half-life were increased in the elderly subjects by 30% and 50%, respectively, whereas in a multiple-dose study they were increased by 23% and 30%, respectively. 20 mg is the recommended dose for most elderly patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). 20 mg/day is the maximum recommended dose for those who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers or who are also taking a CYP2C19 inhibitor such as cimetidine, due to the risk of QT prolongation.

Gender - In three pharmacokinetic studies (total N=32), citalopram AUC in women was one and a half to two times that in men. This difference was not observed in five other pharmacokinetic studies (total N=114). In clinical studies, no differences in steady state serum citalopram levels were seen between men (N=237) and women (N=388). There were no gender differences in the pharmacokinetics of DCT and DDCT.  No adjustment of dosage on the basis of gender is recommended.

Reduced hepatic function - Citalopram oral clearance was reduced by 37% and half-life was doubled in patients with reduced hepatic function compared to normal subjects. 20 mg is the recommended dose for most hepatically impaired patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Reduced renal function - In patients with mild to moderate renal function impairment, oral clearance of citalopram was reduced by 17% compared to normal subjects. No adjustment of dosage for such patients is recommended. No information is available about the pharmacokinetics of citalopram in patients with severely reduced renal function (creatinine clearance < 20 mL/min).


Drug-Drug Interactions

In vitro enzyme inhibition data did not reveal an inhibitory effect of citalopram on CYP3A4, -2C9, or -2E1, but did suggest that it is a weak inhibitor of CYP1A2, -2D6, and -2C19. Citalopram would be expected to have little inhibitory effect on in vivo metabolism mediated by these cytochromes. However, in vivo data to address this question are limited. 

Since CYP3A4 and 2C19 are the primary enzymes involved in the metabolism of citalopram, it is expected that potent inhibitors of 3A4 (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, and macrolide antibiotics) and potent inhibitors of CYP2C19 (e.g., omeprazole) might decrease the clearance of citalopram. However, coadministration of citalopram and the potent 3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of citalopram.  Because citalopram is metabolized by multiple enzyme systems, inhibition of a single enzyme may not appreciably decrease citalopram clearance. Citalopram steady state levels were not significantly different in poor metabolizers and extensive 2D6 metabolizers after multiple-dose administration of citalopram, suggesting that coadministration, with citalopram, of a drug that inhibits CYP2D6, is unlikely to have clinically significant effects on citalopram metabolism. See Drug Interactions under PRECAUTIONS for more detailed information on available drug interaction data. Citalopram 20 mg/day is the maximum recommended dose for patients taking concomitant cimetidine or another CYP2C19 inhibitor because of the risk of QT prolongation.

Clinical Efficacy Trials


The efficacy of citalopram as a treatment for depression was established in two placebo-controlled studies (of 4 to 6 weeks in duration) in adult outpatients (ages 18 to 66) meeting DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria for major depression. Study 1, a 6-week trial in which patients received fixed citalopram doses of 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/day, showed that citalopram at doses of 40 and 60mg/day was effective as measured by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) total score, the HAMD depressed mood item (Item 1), the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Severity Scale. This study showed no clear effect of the 10 and 20 mg/day doses, and the 60 mg/day dose was not more effective than the 40 mg/day dose.  In study 2, a 4-week, placebo-controlled trial in depressed patients, of whom 85% met criteria for melancholia, the initial dose was 20 mg/day, followed by titration to the maximum tolerated dose or a maximum dose of 80 mg/day. Patients treated with citalopram showed significantly greater improvement than placebo patients on the HAMD total score, HAMD item 1, and the CGI Severity score. In three additional placebo-controlled depression trials, the difference in response to treatment between patients receiving citalopram and patients receiving placebo was not statistically significant, possibly due to high spontaneous response rate, smaller sample size, or, in the case of one study, too low a dose.

In two long-term studies, depressed patients who had responded to citalopram during an initial 6 or 8 weeks of acute treatment (fixed doses of 20 or 40 mg/day in one study and flexible doses of 20 to 60 mg/day in the second study) were randomized to continuation of citalopram or to placebo. In both studies, patients receiving continued citalopram  treatment experienced significantly lower relapse rates over the subsequent 6 months compared to those receiving placebo. In the fixed-dose study, the decreased rate of depression relapse was similar in patients receiving 20 or 40 mg/day of citalopram.

Analyses of the relationship between treatment outcome and age, gender, and race did not suggest any differential responsiveness on the basis of these patient characteristics.

Comparison of Clinical Trial Results

Highly variable results have been seen in the clinical development of all antidepressant drugs. Furthermore, in those circumstances when the drugs have not been studied in the same controlled clinical trial(s), comparisons among the results of studies evaluating the effectiveness of different antidepressant drug products are inherently unreliable.  Because conditions of testing (e.g., patient samples, investigators, doses of the treatments administered and compared, outcome measures, etc.) vary among trials, it is virtually impossible to distinguish a difference in drug effect from a difference due to one of the confounding factors just enumerated.

INDICATIONS & USAGE




CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

A major depressive episode (DSM-IV) implies a prominent and relatively persistent (nearly every day for at least 2 weeks) depressed or dysphoric mood that usually interferes with daily functioning, and includes at least five of the following nine symptoms:  depressed mood, loss of interest in usual activities, significant change in weight and/or appetite, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, increased fatigue, feelings of guilt or worthlessness, slowed thinking or impaired concentration, a suicide attempt or suicidal ideation. The antidepressant action of citalopram tablets, USP in hospitalized depressed patients has not been adequately studied. 


CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

CITALOPRAM CONTRAINDICATIONS


WARNINGS

WARNINGS PRECAUTIONS Drug Interactions

PRECAUTIONS)

Citalopram tablets are contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to citalopram or any of the inactive ingredients in citalopram tablets.

WARNINGS


Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk




 

The pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials in children and adolescents with MDD, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 24 short-term trials of 9 antidepressant drugs in over 4400 patients.The pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials in adults with MDD or other psychiatric disorders included a total of 295 short-term trials (median duration of 2 months) of 11 antidepressant drugs in over 77,000 patients.There was considerable variation in risk of suicidality among drugs, but a tendency toward an increase in the younger patients for almost all drugs studied.There were differences in absolute risk of suicidality across the different indications, with the highest incidence in MDD. The risk differences (drug vs. placebo), however, were relatively stable within age strata and across indications. These risk differences (drug-placebo difference in the number of cases of suicidality per 1000 patients treated) are provided in Table 1.


TABLE 1
Age Range
Drug-Placebo Difference in
Number of Cases of Suicidality
per 1000 Patients Treated
 
Increases Compared to Placebo
<18
14 additional cases
18-24
5 additional cases
 
Decreases Compared to Placebo
25-64
1 fewer case
≥65
6 fewer cases

No suicides occurred in any of the pediatric trials. There were suicides in the adult trials, but the number was not sufficient to reach any conclusion about drug effect on suicide.

It is unknown whether the suicidality risk extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond several months.  However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance trials in adults with depression that the use of antidepressants can delay the recurrence of depression.

All patients being treated with antidepressants for any indication should be monitored appropriately and observed closely for clinical worsening, suicidality, and unusual changes in behavior, especially during the initial few months of a course of drug therapy, or at times of dose changes, either increases or decreases.

The following symptoms, anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility, aggressiveness, impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, and mania, have been reported in adult and pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder as well as for other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric. Although a causal link between the emergence of such symptoms and either the worsening of depression and/or the emergence of suicidal impulses has not been established, there is concern that such symptoms may represent precursors to emerging suicidality.

Consideration should be given to changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing the medication, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidality or symptoms that might be precursors to worsening depression or suicidality, especially if these symptoms are severe, abrupt in onset, or were not part of the patient's presenting symptoms.

If the decision has been made to discontinue treatment, medication should be tapered, as rapidly as is feasible, but with recognition that abrupt discontinuation can be associated with certain symptoms (see PRECAUTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION—Discontinuation of Treatment with Citalopram Tablets , for a description of the risks of discontinuation of citalopram).

Families and caregivers of patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder or other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric, should be alerted about the need to monitor patients for the emergence of agitation, irritability, unusual changes in behavior, and the other symptoms described above, as well as the emergence of suicidality, and to report such symptoms immediately to health care providers. Such monitoring should include daily observation by families and caregivers.  Prescriptions for citalopram should be written for the smallest quantity of tablets consistent with good patient management, in order to reduce the risk of overdose.   

QT-Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes




Individually corrected QTc (QTcNi) interval was evaluated in a randomized, placebo and active (moxifloxacin 400 mg) controlled cross-over, escalating multiple-dose study in 119 healthy subjects. The maximum mean (upper bound of the 95% one-sided confidence interval) difference from placebo were 8.5 (10.8) and 18.5 (21) msec for 20 mg and 60 mg citalopram, respectively. Based on the established exposure-response relationship, the predicted QTcNi change from placebo (upper bound of the 95% one-sided confidence interval) under the Cmax for the dose of 40 mg is 12.6 (14.3) msec. In those patients who are CYP2C19 poor metabolizers or those patients who may be taking concomitant cimetidine or another CYP2C19 inhibitor, higher citalopram exposure would be expected, along with any concomitant risks.

Screening Patients for Bipolar Disorder


Potential for Interaction with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors


In patients receiving serotonin reuptake inhibitor drugs in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), there have been reports of serious, sometimes fatal, reactions including hyperthermia, rigidity, myoclonus, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuations of vital signs, and mental status changes that include extreme agitation progressing to delirium and coma. These reactions have also been reported in patients who have recently discontinued SSRI treatment and have been started on an MAOI. Some cases presented with features resembling neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Furthermore, limited animal data on the effects of combined use of SSRIs and MAOIs suggest that these drugs may act synergistically to elevate blood pressure and evoke behavioral excitation. Therefore, it is recommended that citalopram should not be used in combination with an MAOI, or within 14 days of discontinuing treatment with an MAOI.  Similarly, at least 14 days should be allowed after stopping citalopram before starting an MAOI.

Serotonin Syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)-like Reactions


The development of a potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)-like reactions have been reported with SNRIs and SSRIs alone, including citalopram treatment, but particularly with concomitant use of serotonergic drugs (including triptans) with drugs which impair metabolism of serotonin (including MAOIs), or with antipsychotics or other dopamine antagonists. Serotonin syndrome symptoms may include mental status changes (e.g., agitation, hallucinations, coma), autonomic instability (e.g., tachycardia, labile blood pressure, hyperthermia), neuromuscular aberrations (e.g., hyperreflexia, incoordination) and/or gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea). Serotonin syndrome, in its most severe form can resemble neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which includes hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability with possible rapid fluctuation of vital signs, and mental status changes. Patients should be monitored for the emergence of serotonin syndrome or NMS-like signs and symptoms.

The concomitant use of citalopram with MAOIs intended to treat depression is contraindicated. If concomitant treatment of citalopram with a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor agonist (triptan) is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases.

The concomitant use of citalopram with serotonin precursors (such as tryptophan) is not recommended. Treatment with citalopram and any concomitant serotonergic or antidopaminergic agents, including antipsychotics, should be discontinued immediately if the above events occur and supportive symptomatic treatment should be initiated.

PRECAUTIONS

General


Discontinuation of Treatment with Citalopram

Patients should be monitored for these symptoms when discontinuing treatment with citalopram. A gradual reduction in the dose rather than abrupt cessation is recommended whenever possible. If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the physician may continue decreasing the dose but at a more gradual rate (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Abnormal Bleeding

SSRIs and SNRIs, including citalopram, may increase the risk of bleeding events.  Concomitant use of aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, warfarin, and other anticoagulants may add to the risk. Case reports and epidemiological studies (case-control and cohort design) have demonstrated an association between use of drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding events related to SSRIs and SNRIs use have ranged from ecchymoses, hematomas, epistaxis, and petechiae to life-threatening hemorrhages.

Patients should be cautioned about the risk of bleeding associated with the concomitant use of citalopram and NSAIDs, aspirin, or other drugs that affect coagulation.

Hyponatremia

Hyponatremia may occur as a result of treatment with SSRIs and SNRIs, including citalopram. In many cases, this hyponatremia appears to be the result of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), and was reversible when citalopram was discontinued. Cases with serum sodium lower than 110 mmol/L have been reported. Elderly patients may be at greater risk of developing hyponatremia with SSRIs and SNRIs. Also, patients taking diuretics or who are otherwise volume depleted may be at greater risk (see Geriatric Use ). Discontinuation of citalopram should be considered in patients with symptomatic hyponatremia and appropriate medical intervention should be instituted.

Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, and unsteadiness, which may lead to falls. Signs and symptoms associated with more severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death.

Activation of Mania/Hypomania

In placebo-controlled trials of citalopram, some of which included patients with bipolar disorder, activation of mania/hypomania was reported in 0.2% of 1063 patients treated with citalopram and in none of the 446 patients treated with placebo. Activation of mania/hypomania has also been reported in a small proportion of patients with major affective disorders treated with other marketed antidepressants. As with all antidepressants, citalopram should be used cautiously in patients with a history of mania.

Seizures

Although anticonvulsant effects of citalopram have been observed in animal studies, citalopram has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a seizure disorder. These patients were excluded from clinical studies during the product’s premarketing testing. In clinical trials of citalopram, seizures occurred in 0.3% of patients treated with citalopram (a rate of one patient per 98 years of exposure) and 0.5% of patients treated with placebo (a rate of one patient per 50 years of exposure). Like other antidepressants, citalopram should be introduced with care in patients with a history of seizure disorder.

Interference with Cognitive and Motor Performance

In studies in normal volunteers, citalopram in doses of 40 mg/day did not produce impairment of intellectual function or psychomotor performance. Because any psychoactive drug may impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills, however, patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that citalopram therapy does not affect their ability to engage in such activities.

Use in Patients with Concomitant Illness

Clinical experience with citalopram in patients with certain concomitant systemic illnesses is limited. Due to the risk of QT prolongation, ECG monitoring is advised when using citalopram in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, or who are taking medications that prolong the QT interval. Caution is advised in treating patients with diseases or conditions that cause hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia.

Citalopram has not been systematically evaluated in patients with a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable heart disease. Patients with these diagnoses were generally excluded from clinical studies during the product’s premarketing testing.  However, the electrocardiograms of 1116 patients who received citalopram in clinical trials were evaluated and the data indicate that citalopram is not associated with the development of clinically significant ECG abnormalities.

In subjects with hepatic impairment, citalopram clearance was decreased and plasma concentrations were increased. The use of citalopram in hepatically impaired patients should be approached with caution and a lower maximum dosage is recommended (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Because citalopram is extensively metabolized, excretion of unchanged drug in urine is a minor route of elimination. Until adequate numbers of patients with severe renal impairment have been evaluated during chronic treatment with citalopram, however, they should be used with caution in such patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Information for Patients


Physicians are advised to discuss the following issues with patients for whom they prescribe citalopram.

Patients should be cautioned about the risk of serotonin syndrome with the concomitant use of citalopram and triptans, tramadol or other serotonergic agents.

Although in controlled studies citalopram has not been shown to impair psychomotor performance, any psychoactive drug may impair judgment, thinking, or motor skills, so patients should be cautioned about operating hazardous machinery, including automobiles, until they are reasonably certain that citalopram therapy does not affect their ability to engage in such activities.

Patients should be told that, although citalopram has not been shown in experiments with normal subjects to increase the mental and motor skill impairments caused by alcohol, the concomitant use of citalopram and alcohol in depressed patients is not advised.

Patients should be advised to inform their physician if they are taking, or plan to take, any prescription or over-the-counter drugs, as there is a potential for interactions.

Patients should be cautioned about the concomitant use of citalopram and NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, or other drugs that affect coagulation since combined use of psychotropic drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and these agents has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding.

Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they become pregnant or intend to become pregnant during therapy.

Patients should be advised to notify their physician if they are breastfeeding an infant.

While patients may notice improvement with citalopram therapy in 1 to 4 weeks, they should be advised to continue therapy as directed.

Prescribers or other health professionals should inform patients, their families, and their caregivers about the benefits and risks associated with treatment with citalopram and should counsel them in its appropriate use. A patient Medication Guide about “Antidepressant Medicines, Depression and other Serious Mental Illness, and Suicidal Thoughts or Actions” is available for citalopram. The prescriber or health professional should instruct patients, their families, and their caregivers to read the Medication Guide and should assist them in understanding its contents. Patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the contents of the Medication Guide and to obtain answers to any questions they may have. The complete text of the Medication Guide is reprinted at the end of this document.

Patients should be advised of the following issues and asked to alert their prescriber if these occur while taking citalopram.

Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk


Laboratory Tests


QT-Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes


Citalopram causes dose dependent QT prolongation and should not be dosed above 40 mg/day. Torsade de Pointes has been reported postmarketing. Citalopram should not be used in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. Hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia should be corrected prior to initiation of treatment and periodically monitored. ECG monitoring is recommended in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, or patients on concomitant medications that prolong the QT interval. Dose escalations over 20 mg/day in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers or patients taking concomitant cimetidine or another CYP2C19 inhibitor are not recommended.

Drug Interactions


Drugs that Prolong the QT Interval 
 

WARNINGS - QT-Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes

Serotonergic Drugs

Based on the mechanism of action of SNRIs and SSRIs including citalopram, and the potential for serotonin syndrome, caution is advised when citalopram is coadministered with other drugs that may affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, such as triptans, linezolid (an antibiotic which is a reversible non-selective MAOI), lithium, tramadol, or St. John’s Wort (see WARNING - Serotonin Syndrome ). The concomitant use of citalopram with other SSRIs, SNRIs or tryptophan is not recommended (see PRECAUTIONS- Drug Interactions ).

Triptans

There have been rare postmarketing reports of serotonin syndrome with use of an SSRI and a triptan. If concomitant treatment of citalopram with a triptan is clinically warranted, careful observation of the patient is advised, particularly during treatment initiation and dose increases (see WARNING- Serotonin Syndrome ).

CNS Drugs - Given the primary CNS effects of citalopram, caution should be used when it is taken in combination with other centrally acting drugs.

Alcohol - Although citalopram did not potentiate the cognitive and motor effects of alcohol in a clinical trial, as with other psychotropic medications, the use of alcohol by depressed patients taking citalopram is not recommended. 

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) - See CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS .

Drugs That Interfere With Hemostasis (NSAIDs, Aspirin, Warfarin, etc.) - Serotonin release by platelets plays an important role in hemostasis. Epidemiological studies of the case-control and cohort design that have demonstrated an association between use of psychotropic drugs that interfere with serotonin reuptake and the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding have also shown that concurrent use of an NSAID or aspirin may  potentiate the risk of bleeding. Altered anticoagulant effects, including increased bleeding, have been reported when SSRIs and SNRIs are coadministered with warfarin. Patients receiving warfarin therapy should be carefully monitored when citalopram is initiated or discontinued.

Cimetidine - In subjects who had received 21 days of 40 mg/day citalopram, combined administration of 400 mg/day cimetidine for 8 days resulted in an increase in citalopram AUC and Cmax of 43% and 39%, respectively.  

Citalopram 20 mg/day is the maximum recommended dose for patients taking concomitant cimetidine because of the risk of QT prolongation (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). 

Digoxin - In subjects who had received 21 days of 40 mg/day citalopram, combined administration of citalopram and digoxin (single dose of 1 mg) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of either citalopram or digoxin. 

Lithium - Coadministration of citalopram (40 mg/day for 10 days) and lithium (30 mmol/day for 5 days) had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram or lithium. Nevertheless, plasma lithium levels should be monitored with appropriate adjustment to the lithium dose in accordance with standard clinical practice. Because lithium may enhance the serotonergic effects of citalopram, caution should be exercised when citalopram and lithium are coadministered.

Pimozide - In a controlled study, a single dose of pimozide 2 mg coadministered with citalopram 40 mg given once daily for 11 days was associated with a mean increase in QTc values of approximately 10 msec compared to pimozide given alone. Citalopram did not alter the mean AUC or Cmax of pimozide. The mechanism of this pharmacodynamic interaction is not known. 

Theophylline - Combined administration of citalopram (40 mg/day for 21 days) and the CYP1A2 substrate theophylline (single dose of 300 mg) did not affect the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. The effect of theophylline on the pharmacokinetics of citalopram was not evaluated.

Sumatriptan - There have been rare postmarketing reports describing patients with weakness, hyperreflexia, and incoordination following the use of a SSRI and sumatriptan. If concomitant treatment with sumatriptan and an SSRI (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram) is clinically warranted, appropriate observation of the patient is advised.

Warfarin - Administration of 40 mg/day citalopram for 21 days did not affect the pharmacokinetics of warfarin, a CYP3A4 substrate. Prothrombin time was increased by 5%, the clinical significance of which is unknown.

Carbamazepine - Combined administration of citalopram (40 mg/day for 14 days) and carbamazepine (titrated to 400 mg/day for 35 days) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Although trough citalopram plasma levels were unaffected, given the enzyme-inducing properties of carbamazepine, the possibility that carbamazepine might increase the clearance of citalopram should be considered if the two drugs are coadministered.

Triazolam - Combined administration of citalopram (titrated to 40 mg/day for 28 days) and the CYP3A4 substrate triazolam (single dose of 0.25 mg) did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of either citalopram or triazolam.

Ketoconazole - Combined administration of citalopram (40 mg) and ketoconazole (200 mg) decreased the Cmax and AUC of ketoconazole by 21% and 10%, respectively, and did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of citalopram.

CYP3A4 and 2C19 Inhibitors -In vitro studies indicated that CYP3A4 and 2C19 are the primary enzymes involved in the metabolism of citalopram. However, coadministration of citalopram (40 mg) and ketoconazole (200 mg), a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of citalopram. Because citalopram is metabolized by multiple enzyme systems, inhibition of a single enzyme may not appreciably decrease citalopram clearance.

Citalopram 20 mg/day is the maximum recommended dose for patients taking concomitant CYP2C19 inhibitors because of the risk of QT prolongation (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

Metoprolol - Administration of 40 mg/day citalopram for 22 days resulted in a two-fold increase in the plasma levels of the beta-adrenergic blocker metoprolol. Increased metoprolol plasma levels have been associated with decreased cardioselectivity. Coadministration of citalopram and metoprolol had no clinically significant effects on blood pressure or heart rate.

Imipramine and Other Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) -In vitro studies suggest that citalopram is a relatively weak inhibitor of CYP2D6. Coadministration of citalopram (40 mg/day for 10 days) with the TCA imipramine (single dose of 100 mg), a substrate for CYP2D6, did not significantly affect the plasma concentrations of imipramine or citalopram. However, the concentration of the imipramine metabolite desipramine was increased by approximately 50%. The clinical significance of the desipramine change is unknown. Nevertheless, caution is indicated in the coadministration of TCAs with citalopram.

 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - There are no clinical studies of the combined use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and citalopram.

Carcinogenesis & Mutagenesis & Impairment Of Fertility



Carcinogenesis

Citalopram was administered in the diet to NMRI/BOM strain mice and COBS WI strain rats for 18 and 24 months, respectively. There was no evidence for carcinogenicity of citalopram in mice receiving up to 240 mg/kg/day, which is equivalent to 20 times the maximum recommended human daily dose (MRHD) of 60 mg on a surface area (mg/m2) basis. There was an increased incidence of small intestine carcinoma in rats receiving 8 or 24 mg/kg/day, doses which are approximately 1.3 and 4 times the MRHD, respectively, on a mg/m2 basis.  A no-effect dose for this finding was not established.  The relevance of these findings to humans is unknown.

Mutagenesis

Citalopram was mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) in  2 of 5 bacterial strains (Salmonella TA98 and TA1537) in the absence of metabolic activation. It was clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster lung cell assay for chromosomal aberrations in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.  Citalopram was not mutagenic in the in vitro mammalian forward gene mutation assay (HPRT) in mouse lymphoma cells or in a coupled in vitro/in vivo unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay in rat liver.  It was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in human lymphocytes or in two in vivo mouse micronucleus assays.

Impairment of Fertility

When citalopram was administered orally to 16 male and 24 female rats prior to and throughout mating and gestation at doses of 32, 48, and 72 mg/kg/day, mating was decreased at all doses, and fertility was decreased at doses ≥ 32 mg/kg/day, approximately 5 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day on a body surface area (mg/m2) basis. Gestation duration was increased at 48 mg/kg/day, approximately 8 times the MRHD.

Pregnancy


Pregnancy Category C 

In animal reproduction studies, citalopram has been shown to have adverse effects on embryo/fetal and postnatal development, including teratogenic effects, when administered at doses greater than human therapeutic doses.

In two rat embryo/fetal development studies, oral administration of citalopram (32, 56, or 112 mg/kg/day) to pregnant animals during the period of organogenesis resulted in decreased embryo/fetal growth and survival and an increased incidence of fetal abnormalities (including cardiovascular and skeletal defects) at the high dose, which is approximately 18 times the MRHD of 60 mg/day on a body surface area (mg/m2) basis. This dose was also associated with maternal toxicity (clinical signs, decreased body weight gain). The developmental, no-effect dose of 56 mg/kg/day is approximately 9 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. In a rabbit study, no adverse effects on embryo/fetal development were observed at doses of up to 16 mg/kg/day, or approximately 5 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. Thus, teratogenic effects were observed at a maternally toxic dose in the rat and were not observed in the rabbit.

When female rats were treated with citalopram (4.8, 12.8, or 32 mg/kg/day) from late gestation through weaning, increased offspring mortality during the first 4 days after birth and persistent offspring growth retardation were observed at the highest dose, which is approximately 5 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. The no-effect dose of 12.8 mg/kg/day is approximately 2 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis. Similar effects on offspring mortality and growth were seen when dams were treated throughout gestation and early lactation at doses ≥ 24 mg/kg/day, approximately 4 times the MRHD on a mg/m2 basis.  A no-effect dose was not determined in that study.

There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women; therefore, citalopram should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Pregnancy-Nonteratogenic Effects


Neonates exposed to citalopram and other SSRIs or SNRIs, late in the third trimester, have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding. Such complications can arise immediately upon delivery. Reported clinical findings have included respiratory distress, cyanosis, apnea, seizures, temperature instability, feeding difficulty, vomiting, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, tremor, jitteriness, irritability, and constant crying. These features are consistent with either a direct toxic effect of SSRIs and SNRIs or, possibly, a drug discontinuation syndrome. It should be noted that, in some cases, the clinical picture is consistent with serotonin syndrome (see WARNINGS ).

Infants exposed to SSRIs in late pregnancy may have an increased risk for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). PPHN occurs in 1 to 2 per 1000 live births in the general population and is associated with substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. In a retrospective, case-control study of 377 women whose infants were born with PPHN and 836 women whose infants were born healthy, the risk for developing PPHN was approximately six-fold higher for infants exposed to SSRIs after the 20th week of gestation compared to infants who had not been exposed to antidepressants during pregnancy. There is currently no corroborative evidence regarding the risk for PPHN following exposure to SSRIs in pregnancy; this is the first study that has investigated the potential risk. The study did not include enough cases with exposure to individual SSRIs to determine if all SSRIs posed similar levels of PPHN risk.

When treating a pregnant woman with citalopram during the third trimester, the physician should carefully consider both the potential risks and benefits of treatment (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). Physicians should note that in a prospective longitudinal study of 201 women with a history of major depression who were euthymic at the beginning of pregnancy, women who discontinued antidepressant medication during pregnancy were more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continued antidepressant medication.

Labor & Delivery


The effect of citalopram on labor and delivery in humans is unknown.

Nursing Mothers


Pediatric Use


BOXED WARNING WARNINGS- Clinical Worsening and Suicide Risk

Decreased appetite and weight loss have been observed in association with the use of SSRIs. Consequently, regular monitoring of weight and growth should be performed in children and adolescents treated with citalopram.

Geriatric Use


Of 4422 patients in clinical studies of citalopram, 1357 were 60 and over, 1034 were 65 and over, and 457 were 75 and over. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects, and other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out. Most elderly patients treated with citalopram in clinical trials received daily doses between 20 mg and 40 mg (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

SSRIs and SNRIs, including citalopram, have been associated with cases of clinically significant hyponatremia in elderly patients, who may be at greater risk for this adverse event (see PRECAUTIONS, Hyponatremia ).

In two pharmacokinetic studies, citalopram AUC was increased by 23% and 30%, respectively, in elderly subjects as compared to younger subjects, and its half-life was increased by 30% and 50%, respectively (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ).

20 mg/day is the recommended dose for most elderly patients (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).

CITALOPRAM ADVERSE REACTIONS

The premarketing development program for citalopram included citalopram exposures in patients and/or normal subjects from 3 different groups of studies: 429 normal subjects in clinical pharmacology/pharmacokinetic studies; 4422 exposures from patients in controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials, corresponding to approximately 1370 patient-exposure years. There were, in addition, over 19,000 exposures from mostly open-label, European postmarketing studies. The conditions and duration of treatment with citalopram varied greatly and included (in overlapping categories) open-label and double-blind studies, inpatient and outpatient studies, fixed-dose and dose-titration studies, and short-term and long-term exposure. Adverse reactions were assessed by collecting adverse events, results of physical examinations, vital signs, weights, laboratory analyses, ECGs, and results of ophthalmologic examinations.

Adverse events during exposure were obtained primarily by general inquiry and recorded by clinical investigators using terminology of their own choosing. Consequently, it is not possible to provide a meaningful estimate of the proportion of individuals experiencing adverse events without first grouping similar types of events into a smaller number of standardized event categories. In the tables and tabulations that follow, standard World Health Organization (WHO) terminology has been used to classify reported adverse events.




Adverse Findings Observed in Short-Term, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Adverse Events Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment

TABLE 2

TABLE 2 Adverse Events Associated with Discontinuation of Treatment in Short- Term, Placebo- Controlled, Depression Trials
Body System/Adverse Event
Percentage of Patients Discontinuing
Due to Adverse Event
Citalopram
(N=1063)
Placebo
(N=446)
General
  Asthenia
1%
<1%
Gastrointestinal Disorders
  Nausea
4%
0%
  Dry Mouth
1%
<1%
  Vomiting
1%
0%

Central and Peripheral
Nervous System Disorders
  Dizziness
2%
<1%
Psychiatric Disorders
  Insomnia
3%
1%
  Somnolence
2%
1%
  Agitation
1%
<1%


Adverse Events Occurring at an Incidence of 2% or More Among Citalopram-Treated Patients

Table 3

The prescriber should be aware that these figures cannot be used to predict the incidence of adverse events in the course of usual medical practice where patient characteristics and other factors differ from those which prevailed in the clinical trials. Similarly, the cited frequencies cannot be compared with figures obtained from other clinical investigations involving different treatments, uses, and investigators. The cited figures, however, do provide the prescribing physician with some basis for estimating the relative contribution of drug and non-drug factors to the adverse event incidence rate in the population studied.


TABLE 3

TABLE 3 Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events: Incidence in Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials*
* Events reported by at least 2% of patients treated with citalopram are reported, except for the following events which had an incidence on placebo ≥ citalopram: headache, asthenia, dizziness, constipation, palpitation, vision abnormal, sleep disorder, nervousness, pharyngitis, micturition disorder, back pain.
 1 Denominator used was for females only (N=638 citalopram; N=252 placebo).
 2 Primarily ejaculatory delay.
 3 Denominator used was for males only (N=425 citalopram; N=194 placebo).
Body System/Adverse Event
(Percentage of Patients Reporting Event)

Citalopram 
    (N=1063)
Placebo
(N=446)
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders  
 
  Dry Mouth
20%
14%
  Sweating Increased
11%
9%
Central &Peripheral Nervous System Disorder    
  Tremor
8%
6%
Gastrointestinal Disorders    
  Nausea
21%
14%
  Diarrhea
8%
5%
  Dyspepsia
5%
4%
  Vomiting
4%
3%
  Abdominal Pain
3%
2%
General    
  Fatigue
5%
3%
  Fever
2%
<1%
Musculoskeletal System Disorders    
  Arthralgia
2%
1%
  Myalgia
2%
1%
Psychiatric Disorders    
  Somnolence
18%
10%
  Insomnia
15%
14%
  Anxiety
4%
3%
  Anorexia
4%
2%
  Agitation
3%
1%
  Dysmenorrhea1
3%
2%
  Libido Decreased
2%
<1%
  Yawning
2%
<1%
Respiratory System Disorders    
  Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
5%
4%
  Rhinitis
5%
3%
  Sinusitis
3%
<1%
Urogenital    
  Ejaculation Disorder2,3
6%
1%
  Impotence3
3%
<1%

Dose Dependency of Adverse Events


Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction with SSRIs

Although changes in sexual desire, sexual performance, and sexual satisfaction often occur as manifestations of a psychiatric disorder, they may also be a consequence of pharmacologic treatment. In particular, some evidence suggests that SSRIs can cause such untoward sexual experiences.

Reliable estimates of the incidence and severity of untoward experiences involving sexual desire, performance, and satisfaction are difficult to obtain, however, in part because patients and physicians may be reluctant to discuss them. Accordingly, estimates of the incidence of untoward sexual experience and performance cited in product labeling, are likely to underestimate their actual incidence.




  Treatment Citalopram
(425 males)
Placebo
(194 males)

  Abnormal Ejaculation  
  (mostly ejaculatory delay)
6.1%
(males only)
1%
(males only)
  Libido Decreased
3.8%
(males only)
<1%
(males only)
  Impotence
2.8%
(males only)
<1%
(males only)

There are no adequately designed studies examining sexual dysfunction with citalopram treatment.

Priapism has been reported with all SSRIs.

While it is difficult to know the precise risk of sexual dysfunction associated with the use of SSRIs, physicians should routinely inquire about such possible side effects.

Vital Sign Changes

Citalopram and placebo groups were compared with respect to (1) mean change from baseline in vital signs (pulse, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure) and (2) the incidence of patients meeting criteria for potentially clinically significant changes from baseline in these variables. These analyses did not reveal any clinically important changes in vital signs associated with citalopram treatment. In addition, a comparison of supine and standing vital sign measures for citalopram and placebo treatments indicated that citalopram treatment is not associated with orthostatic changes.

Weight Changes

Patients treated with citalopram in controlled trials experienced a weight loss of about 0.5 kg compared to no change for placebo patients.

Laboratory Changes

Citalopram and placebo groups were compared with respect to (1) mean change from baseline in various serum chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis variables, and (2) the incidence of patients meeting criteria for potentially clinically significant changes from baseline in these variables. These analyses revealed no clinically important changes in laboratory test parameters associated with citalopram treatment.

ECG Changes

In a thorough QT study, citalopram was found to be associated with a dose-dependent increase in the QTc interval (see WARNINGS - QT-Prolongation and Torsade de Pointes ).

Electrocardiograms from citalopram (N=802) and placebo (N=241) groups were compared with respect to outliers defined as subjects with QTc changes over 60 msec from baseline or absolute values over 500 msec post-dose, and subjects with heart rate increases to over 100 bpm or decreases to less than 50 bpm with a 25% change from baseline (tachycardic or bradycardic outliers, respectively). In the citalopram group 1.9% of the patients had a change from baseline in QTcF >60 msec compared to 1.2% of the patients in the placebo group. None of the patients in the placebo group had a post-dose QTcF >500 msec compared to 0.5% of the patients in the citalopram group. The incidence of tachycardic outliers was 0.5% in the citalopram group and 0.4% in the placebo group. The incidence of bradycardic outliers was 0.9% in the citalopram group and 0.4% in the placebo group.

Other Events Observed During the Premarketing Evaluation of Citalopram Hydrobromide

Following is a list of WHO terms that reflect treatment-emergent adverse events, as defined in the introduction to the ADVERSE REACTIONS section, reported by patients treated with citalopram at multiple doses in a range of 10 to 80 mg/day during any phase of a trial within the premarketing database of 4422 patients. All reported events are included except those already listed in Table 3 or elsewhere in labeling, those events for which a drug cause was remote, those event terms which were so general as to be uninformative, and those occurring in only one patient.  It is important to emphasize that, although the events reported occurred during treatment with citalopram, they were not necessarily caused by it.




Cardiovascular - Frequent:Infrequent:Rare:

Central and Peripheral Nervous System Disorders - Frequent:Infrequent:Rare:

Endocrine Disorders - Rare: hypothyroidism, goiter, gynecomastia.

Gastrointestinal Disorders - Frequent: saliva increased, flatulence.  Infrequent: gastritis, gastroenteritis, stomatitis, eructation, hemorrhoids, dysphagia, teeth grinding, gingivitis, esophagitis.  Rare: colitis, gastric ulcer, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, duodenal ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, glossitis, jaundice, diverticulitis, rectal hemorrhage, hiccups.

General - Infrequent:  hot flushes, rigors, alcohol intolerance, syncope, influenza-like symptoms.  Rare: hayfever. 

Hemic and Lymphatic Disorders - Infrequent: purpura, anemia, epistaxis, leukocytosis, leucopenia, lymphadenopathy. Rare: pulmonary embolism, granulocytopenia, lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, hypochromic anemia, coagulation disorder, gingival bleeding.

Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders - Frequent: decreased weight, increased weight.  Infrequent: increased hepatic enzymes, thirst, dry eyes, increased alkaline phosphatase, abnormal glucose tolerance. Rare: bilirubinemia, hypokalemia, obesity, hypoglycemia, hepatitis, dehydration.

Musculoskeletal System Disorders - Infrequent: arthritis, muscle weakness, skeletal pain.  Rare: bursitis, osteoporosis.

Psychiatric Disorders - Frequent: impaired concentration, amnesia, apathy, depression, increased appetite, aggravated depression, suicide attempt, confusion. Infrequent: increased libido, aggressive reaction, paroniria, drug dependence, depersonalization, hallucination, euphoria, psychotic depression, delusion, paranoid reaction, emotional lability, panic reaction, psychosis.  Rare: catatonic reaction, melancholia.

Reproductive Disorders/Female* - Frequent: amenorrhea. Infrequent: galactorrhea, breast pain, breast enlargement, vaginal hemorrhage.

* % based on female subjects only: 2955

Respiratory System Disorders - Frequent: coughing.  Infrequent: bronchitis,dyspnea, pneumonia. Rare:  asthma, laryngitis, bronchospasm, pneumonitis, sputum increased.

Skin and Appendages Disorders - Frequent: rash, pruritus.  Infrequent: photosensitivity reaction, urticaria, acne, skin discoloration, eczema, alopecia, dermatitis, skin dry, psoriasis. Rare: hypertrichosis, decreased sweating, melanosis, keratitis, cellulitis, pruritus ani.

Special Senses - Frequent: accommodation abnormal, taste perversion.  Infrequent: tinnitus, conjunctivitis, eye pain.  Rare: mydriasis, photophobia, diplopia, abnormal lacrimation, cataract, taste loss.

Urinary System Disorders - Frequent: polyuria.  Infrequent: micturition frequency, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, dysuria. Rare: facial edema, hematuria, oliguria, pyelonephritis, renal calculus, renal pain.

Other Events Observed During the Postmarketing Evaluation of Citalopram Hydrobromide

It is estimated that over 30 million patients have been treated with citalopram since market introduction.  Although no causal relationship to citalopram treatment has been found, the following adverse events have been reported to be temporally associated with citalopram treatment, and have not been described elsewhere in labeling:  acute renal failure, akathisia, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis, angioedema, choreoathetosis, chest pain, delirium, dyskinesia, ecchymosis, epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, glaucoma, grand mal convulsions, hemolytic anemia, hepatic necrosis, myoclonus,  nystagmus, pancreatitis, priapism, prolactinemia, prothrombin decreased, QT prolonged, rhabdomyolysis, spontaneous abortion, thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, ventricular arrhythmia, torsade de pointes, and withdrawal syndrome.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE CLASS


PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE


Animal studies suggest that the abuse liability of citalopram is low. Citalopram has not been systematically studied in humans for its potential for abuse, tolerance, or physical dependence. The premarketing clinical experience with citalopram did not reveal any drug-seeking behavior.  However, these observations were not systematic and it is not possible to predict, on the basis of this limited experience, the extent to which a CNS-active drug will be misused, diverted, and/or abused once marketed. Consequently, physicians should carefully evaluate citalopram patients for history of drug abuse and follow such patients closely, observing them for signs of misuse or abuse (e.g., development of tolerance, incrementations of dose, drug-seeking behavior).

OVERDOSAGE

Human Experience

In clinical trials of citalopram, there were reports of citalopram overdose, including overdoses of up to 2000 mg, with no associated fatalities. During the postmarketing evaluation of citalopram, citalopram overdoses, including overdoses of up to 6000 mg, have been reported.  As with other SSRIs, a fatal outcome in a patient who has taken an overdose of citalopram has been rarely reported.           

Symptoms most   often   accompanying   citalopram overdose, alone or in combination with other drugs and/or alcohol, included dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting, tremor, somnolence, and sinus tachycardia. In more rare cases, observed symptoms included amnesia, confusion, coma, convulsions, hyperventilation, cyanosis, rhabdomyolysis, and ECG changes (including QTc prolongation, nodal rhythm, ventricular arrhythmia, and very rare cases of torsade de pointes). Acute renal failure has been very rarely reported accompanying overdose.

Management of Overdose




DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION


Citalopram tablets should be administered once daily, in the morning or evening, with or without food.

Initial Treatment


Citalopram tablets should be administered at an initial dose of 20 mg once daily, with an increase to a maximum dose of 40 mg/day. Dose increase should usually occur in increments of 20 mg at intervals of no less than one week. Doses above 40 mg/day are not recommended due to the risk of QT prolongation. Additionally, the only study pertinent to dose response for effectiveness did not demonstrate an advantage for the 60 mg/day dose over the 40 mg/day dose.

Special Populations




Treatment of Pregnant Women during the Third Trimester


Neonates exposed to citalopram tablets and other SSRIs or SNRIs, late in the third trimester, have developed complications requiring prolonged hospitalization, respiratory support, and tube feeding (see PRECAUTIONS ). When treating pregnant women with citalopram tablets during the third trimester, the physician should carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of treatment. The physician may consider tapering citalopram in the third trimester.

Maintenance Treatment


Clinical Trials under CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Discontinuation of Treatment with Citalopram Tablets


Symptoms associated with discontinuation of citalopram tablets and other SSRIs and SNRIs have been reported (see PRECAUTIONS ). Patients should be monitored for these symptoms when discontinuing treatment. A gradual reduction in the dose rather than abrupt cessation is recommended whenever possible. If intolerable symptoms occur following a decrease in the dose or upon discontinuation of treatment, then resuming the previously prescribed dose may be considered. Subsequently, the physician may continue decreasing the dose but at a more gradual rate.

Switching Patients To or From a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor


At least 14 days should elapse between discontinuation of an MAOI and initiation of citalopram tablets therapy.  Similarly, at least 14 days should be allowed after stopping citalopram tablets before starting an MAOI (see CONTRAINDICATIONS and WARNINGS ).

HOW SUPPLIED


Citalopram tablets, USP are supplied as:

10 mg Tablets – Peach colored, biconvex, round shaped film coated tablets debossed with ‘A’ on one side and ‘05’ on the other side.

      Bottles of 30                                   NDC 13107-005-30         

      Bottles of 60                                   NDC 13107-005-60

      Bottles of 90                                   NDC 13107-005-90         

      Bottles of 100                                 NDC 13107-005-01          

      Bottles of 500                                 NDC 13107-005-05  

      10 x 10 Unit Dose                          NDC 13107-005-10

      30 Unit-of-use packaging                NDC 13107-005-32

20 mg Tablets – Light pink colored, biconvex, capsule shaped film coated tablets debossed with ‘A’ on one side and with a score line in between ‘0’ and ‘6’ on other side.

     Bottles of 30                                    NDC 13107-006-30

     Bottles of 60                                    NDC 13107-006-60

     Bottles of 90                                    NDC 13107-006-90                       

     Bottles of 100                                  NDC 13107-006-01

     Bottles of 500                                  NDC 13107-006-05

    10 x 10 Unit Dose                            NDC 13107-006-10

    30 Unit-of-use packaging                  NDC 13107-006-32         

40 mg Tablets – White colored, biconvex, capsule shaped film coated tablets debossed with ‘A’ on one side and with a score line in between ‘0’ and ‘7’ on other side.   

      Bottles of 30                                   NDC 13107-007-30

      Bottles of 60                                   NDC 13107-007-60

      Bottles of 90                                   NDC 13107-007-90

      Bottles of 100                                 NDC 13107-007-01

      Bottles of 500                                 NDC 13107-007-05

      10 x 10 Unit Dose                          NDC 13107-007-10

      30 Unit-of-use packaging                NDC 13107-007-32                   

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature].

ANIMAL TOXICOLOGY

Retinal Changes in Rats

Pathologic changes (degeneration/atrophy) were observed in the retinas of albino rats in the 2-year carcinogenicity study with citalopram. There was an increase in both incidence and severity of retinal pathology in both male and female rats receiving 80 mg/kg/day (13 times the maximum recommended daily human dose of 60 mg on a mg/m2 basis).  Similar findings were not present in rats receiving 24 mg/kg/day for two years, in mice treated for 18 months at doses up to 240 mg/kg/day, or in dogs treated for one year at doses up to 20 mg/kg/day (4, 20, and 10 times, respectively, the maximum recommended daily human dose on a mg/m2 basis).

Additional studies to investigate the mechanism for this pathology have not been performed, and the potential significance of this effect in humans has not been established.

Cardiovascular Changes in Dogs


2


Aurolife Pharma LLC



Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc.


MEDICATION GUIDE

Citalopram Tablets, USP

Read the Medication Guide that comes with citalopram tablets before you start taking them and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of talking to your healthcare provider about your medical condition or treatment. Talk with your healthcare provider if there is something you do not understand or want to learn more about.

 

What is the most important information I should know about citalopram tablets ?

 

Citalopram tablets and other antidepressant medicines may cause serious side effects, including:

 


1.      Suicidal thoughts or actions:
  • Citalopram tablets and other antidepressant medicines may increase suicidal thoughts or actions in some children, teenagers, or young adults within the first few months of treatment or when the dose is changed.
  • Depression or other serious mental illnesses are the most important causes of suicidal thoughts or actions.
  • Watch for these changes and call your healthcare provider right away if you notice:
     
    •  New or sudden changes in mood, behavior, actions, thoughts, or feelings, especially if severe.
    • Pay particular attention to such changes when citalopram tablets are started or when the dose is changed.

  Keep all follow-up visits with your healthcare provider and call between visits if you are worried about symptoms.

 Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, or call 911 if an emergency, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you:

 

  •     attempts to commit suicide
  •    acting on dangerous impulses
  •    acting aggressive or violent
  •    thoughts about suicide or dying
  •    new or worse depression
  •    new or worse anxiety or panic attacks
  •    feeling agitated, restless, angry or irritable
  •    trouble sleeping
  •    an increase in activity or talking more than what is normal for you
  •    other unusual changes in behavior or mood

 

Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, or call 911 if an emergency. Citalopram tablets may be associated with these serious side effects:

 

2.      Changes in the electrical activity of your heart (QT prolongation and Torsade de Pointes).

 

This condition can be life-threatening. The symptoms may include: 

  •    chest pain
  •    fast or slow heartbeat
  •    shortness of breath
  •    dizziness or fainting

 

3.      Serotonin Syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome-like reactions. This condition can be life-threatening and may include:

 

  •    agitation, hallucinations, coma or other changes in mental status
  •    coordination problems or muscle twitching (overactive reflexes)
  •    racing heartbeat, high or low blood pressure
  •    sweating or fever
  •    nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
  •     muscle rigidity

 

4.      Severe allergic reactions:

 

  •     trouble breathing
  •     swelling of the face, tongue, eyes or mouth
  •     rash, itchy welts (hives) or blisters, alone or with fever or joint pain

 

5.      Abnormal bleeding: Citalopram tablets and other antidepressant medicines may increase your risk of bleeding or bruising, especially if you take the blood thinner warfarin (Coumadin®, Jantoven®), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs, like ibuprofen or naproxen), or aspirin.

 

6.      Seizures or convulsions

 

7.      Manic episodes:

 

  •     greatly increased energy
  •     severe trouble sleeping
  •     racing thoughts
  •     reckless behavior
  •     unusually grand ideas
  •    excessive happiness or irritability
  •    talking more or faster than usual

 

8.      Changes in appetite or weight. Children and adolescents should have height and weight monitored during treatment.

 

9.      Low salt (sodium) levels in the blood. Elderly people may be at greater risk for this. Symptoms may include:

 

  • headache
  • weakness or feeling unsteady
  • confusion, problems concentrating or thinking or memory problems

 

Do not stop citalopram tablets without first talking to your healthcare provider . Stopping citalopram tablets too quickly may cause serious symptoms including:

 

  •     anxiety, irritability, high or low mood, feeling restless or changes in sleep habits
  •     headache, sweating, nausea, dizziness
  •     electric shock-like sensations, shaking, confusion

 

What are citalopram tablets ?

 



  •   Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

     Talk to your healthcare provider if you do not think that your condition is getting better with citalopram tablets treatment.

 

Who should not take citalopram tablets ?

 

Do not take citalopram tablets if you:

 

  •    are allergic to citalopram hydrobromide or escitalopram oxalate or any of the ingredients in citalopram tablets. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in citalopram tablets.
  •    take a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI). Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist if you are not sure if you take an MAOI, including the antibiotic linezolid.
    •   Do not take an MAOI within 14 days of stopping citalopram tablets.
    •   Do not start citalopram tablets if you stopped taking an MAOI in the last 14 days.

 


People who take citalopram tabletsclose in time to an MAOI may have serious or even life-threatening side effects. Get medical help right away if you have any of these symptoms:
    • high fever 
    • uncontrolled muscle spasms 
    • stiff muscles 
    • rapid changes in heart rate or blood pressure 
    • confusion 
    • loss of consciousness (pass out)
  •     take the antipsychotic medicine pimozide (Orap®) because this can cause serious heart problems.
  •     have a heart problem including congenital long QT syndrome.

 

What should I tell my healthcare provider before taking citalopram tablets ?

Ask if you are not sure.

 

Before starting citalopram tablets, tell your healthcare provider if you

 

  •     Are taking certain drugs such as:
    •     Medicines for heart problems
    •     Medicines that lower your potassium or magnesium levels in your body
    •     Cimetidine
    •     Triptans used to treat migraine headache
    •     Medicines used to treat mood, anxiety, psychotic or thought disorders, including tricyclics, lithium, SSRIs, SNRIs, or antipsychotics
    •     Tramadol
    •     Over-the-counter supplements such as tryptophan or St. John’s Wort
  •     have liver problems
  •     have kidney problems
  •     have heart problems
  •     have or had seizures or convulsions
  •     have bipolar disorder or mania
  •     have low sodium levels in your blood
  •     have a history of a stroke
  •     have high blood pressure
  •     have or had bleeding problems
  •     are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if citalopram tablets will harm your unborn baby. Talk to your healthcare provider about the benefits and risks  of treating depression during pregnancy
  •    are breast feeding or plan to breastfeed. Some citalopram may pass into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby while taking citalopram tablets.

 

Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines that you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Citalopram tablets and some medicines may interact with each other, may not work as well, or may cause serious side effects.

 

Your healthcare provider or pharmacist can tell you if it is safe to take citalopram tablets with your other medicines. Do not start or stop any medicine while taking citalopram tablets without talking to your healthcare provider first.

 


If you take citalopram tablets, you should not take any other medicines that contain citalopram hydrobromide or escitalopram oxalate including: Lexapro.


How should I take citalopram tablets ?

 

  •   Take citalopram tablets exactly as prescribed. Your healthcare provider may need to change the dose of citalopram tablets until it is the right dose for you.
  •   Citalopram tablets may be taken with or without food.
  •   If you miss a dose of citalopram tablets, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Do not take two doses of citalopram tablets at the same time.
  •    If you take too much citalopram, call your healthcare provider or poison control center right away, or get emergency treatment.

 

What should I avoid while taking citalopram tablets ?

 

Citalopram tablets can cause sleepiness or may affect your ability to make decisions, think clearly, or react quickly. You should not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how citalopram tablets affect you. Do not drink alcohol while using citalopram tablets.

 

What are the possible side effects of citalopram tablets ?

 

Citalopram tablets may cause serious side effects, including:

 

See “What is the most important information I should know about citalopram tablets?”

 

Common possible side effects in people who take citalopram tablets include:

 

  •    Nausea
  •    Sleepiness
  •    Weakness
  •    Dizziness
  •    Feeling anxious
  •    Trouble sleeping
  •    Sexual problems
  •    Sweating
  •    Shaking
  •    Not feeling hungry
  •    Dry mouth
  •    Constipation
  •    Diarrhea
  •    Respiratory Infections
  •    Yawning

 

Other side effects in children and adolescents include:

 

  •     increased thirst
  •     abnormal increase in muscle movement or agitation
  •     nose bleed
  •     urinating more often
  •     heavy menstrual periods
  •     possible slowed growth rate and weight change. Your child’s height and weight should be monitored during treatment with citalopram tablets.

 

Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of citalopram tablets. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist.

 

CALL YOUR DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL ADVICE ABOUT SIDE EFFECTS. YOU MAY REPORT SIDE EFFECTS TO THE FDA AT 1-800-FDA-1088.

 

How should I store citalopram tablets ?

 

  •      Store citalopram tablets at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F).
  •      Keep citalopram tablets bottle closed tightly.

 

Keep citalopram tablets and all medicines out of the reach of children.

 

General information about citalopram tablets

 

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use citalopram tablets for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give citalopram tablets to other people, even if they have the same condition. They may harm them.

 

This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about citalopram tablets. If you would like more information, talk with your healthcare provider. You may ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about citalopram tablets that is written for healthcare professionals.

 

For more information about citalopram tablets call 1-866-850-2876.

 

What are the ingredients in citalopram tablets ?

 

Active ingredient: citalopram hydrobromide

 

Inactive ingredients: copovidone, corn starch, croscarmellose sodium, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, and titanium dioxide.  Iron oxides are used as coloring agents in the peach (10 mg) and light pink (20 mg) tablets.

 

This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

 

Orap® is a registered trademark of Teva Pharmaceuticals USA.

Coumadin ® is a registered trademark of Bristol Myers Squibb.

Jantoven ® is a registered trademark of Upsher-Smith Laboratories Inc.

Lexapro is a registered trademark of Forest Laboratories Inc.

 




Aurolife Pharma LLC

Dayton, NJ 08810

 

Manufactured for:

Aurobindo Pharma USA, Inc.

Dayton, NJ 08810

 

Revised: 09/2011

 

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 10 MG(100's Bottle)


NDC 13107-005-01
Citalopram Tablets, USP
10 mg
PHARMACIST: PLEASE DISPENSE WITH
MEDICATION GUIDE PROVIDED SEPARATELY
Rx only                                                100 Tablets
AUROBINDO

Citalopram

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLY PANEL - 20 MG(100's Bottle)


NDC 13107-006-01
CITALOPRAM TABLETS, USP
20 mg
PHARMACIST: PLEASE DISPENSE WITH
MEDICATION GUIDE PROVIDED SEPARATELY
Rx only                                              100 Tablets
AUROBINDO

Citalopram

PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLY PANEL - 40 MG(100's Bottle)


NDC 13107-007-01
Citalopram Tablets, USP
40 mg
PHARMACIST: PLEASE DISPENSE WITH
MEDICATION GUIDE PROVIDED SEPARATELY
Rx only                                         100 Tablets
AUROBINDO

Citalopram

Citalopram

Citalopram TABLET

Product Information

Product Type Human prescription drug label Item Code (Source) NDC:13107-005
Route of Administration ORAL DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety

Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength
citalopram hydrobromide CITALOPRAM 10 mg

Inactive Ingredients

Ingredient Name Strength
COPOVIDONE K25-31
STARCH, CORN
CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM
lactose monohydrate
MAGNESIUM STEARATE
HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S)
cellulose, microcrystalline
polyethylene glycol 400
titanium dioxide
ferric oxide red
FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW

Product Characteristics

Color Size Imprint Code Shape
PINK (Peach) 5 mm A;5 ROUND

Packaging

# Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
1 NDC:13107-005-30 30 in 1 BOTTLE
2 NDC:13107-005-60 60 in 1 BOTTLE
3 NDC:13107-005-90 90 in 1 BOTTLE
4 NDC:13107-005-01 100 in 1 BOTTLE
5 NDC:13107-005-05 500 in 1 BOTTLE
6 10 in 1 BLISTER PACK
7 NDC:13107-005-32 30 in 1 BLISTER PACK

Marketing Information

Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
ANDA ANDA077031 2009-01-01


Citalopram

Citalopram TABLET

Product Information

Product Type Human prescription drug label Item Code (Source) NDC:13107-006
Route of Administration ORAL DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety

Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength
citalopram hydrobromide CITALOPRAM 20 mg

Inactive Ingredients

Ingredient Name Strength
COPOVIDONE K25-31
STARCH, CORN
CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM
lactose monohydrate
MAGNESIUM STEARATE
HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S)
cellulose, microcrystalline
polyethylene glycol 400
titanium dioxide
ferric oxide red
FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW

Product Characteristics

Color Size Imprint Code Shape
PINK (Light Pink) 9 mm A;0;6 CAPSULE

Packaging

# Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
1 NDC:13107-006-30 30 in 1 BOTTLE
2 NDC:13107-006-60 60 in 1 BOTTLE
3 NDC:13107-006-90 90 in 1 BOTTLE
4 NDC:13107-006-01 100 in 1 BOTTLE
5 NDC:13107-006-05 500 in 1 BOTTLE
6 10 in 1 BLISTER PACK
7 NDC:13107-006-32 30 in 1 BLISTER PACK

Marketing Information

Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
ANDA ANDA077031 2009-01-01


Citalopram

Citalopram TABLET

Product Information

Product Type Human prescription drug label Item Code (Source) NDC:13107-007
Route of Administration ORAL DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety

Ingredient Name Basis of Strength Strength
citalopram hydrobromide CITALOPRAM 40 mg

Inactive Ingredients

Ingredient Name Strength
COPOVIDONE K25-31
STARCH, CORN
CROSCARMELLOSE SODIUM
lactose monohydrate
MAGNESIUM STEARATE
HYPROMELLOSE 2910 (6 MPA.S)
cellulose, microcrystalline
polyethylene glycol 400
titanium dioxide

Product Characteristics

Color Size Imprint Code Shape
WHITE 12 mm A;0;7 CAPSULE

Packaging

# Item Code Package Description Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
1 NDC:13107-007-30 30 in 1 BOTTLE
2 NDC:13107-007-60 60 in 1 BOTTLE
3 NDC:13107-007-90 90 in 1 BOTTLE
4 NDC:13107-007-01 100 in 1 BOTTLE
5 NDC:13107-007-05 500 in 1 BOTTLE
6 10 in 1 BLISTER PACK
7 NDC:13107-007-32 30 in 1 BLISTER PACK

Marketing Information

Marketing Category Application Number or Monograph Citation Marketing Start Date Marketing End Date
ANDA ANDA077031 2009-01-01


PLEASE, BE CAREFUL!
Be sure to consult your doctor before taking any medication!
Copyright © 2014. drugs-library.com. All rights reserved. Information on drugs-library.com is provided for educational purposes only and is not to be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
Support info@drugs-library.com.